Immune System
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system. Our immune system is our first line of defense against pathogens – viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Our parents’ immunities genetically give us an innate immune system at birth. The adaptive immune system is a tailored response to different pathogens we encounter in our lives. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320101 provides great insight into the inner workings of our immune system.
Parkinson’s Disease and the Immune System
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-the-immune-system-contributes-to-parkinsons-disease. We expect our immune systems to protect us from foreign invaders. When our immune system is healthy, it works that way. A challenged or unhealthy immune system does not offer the same level of protection. It might create health problems.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Typical symptoms include tremors, uncoordinated muscle movement, shaking (hands, arms, jaw, head, etc.), rigidity or stiffness, balance/coordination issues, and more.
Many medical researchers believe that genes and the environment cause PD. PD progresses as brain cells (neurons) die. Initially, the loss is so gradual you may not even notice. The cause of neuron death is the topic of many studies.
Recently, some scientists think there may be a link between our immune system and PD. Why? When the immune system is not functioning correctly, it generates inflammation. Chronic low-level cellular inflammation is the cause of nearly every disease. The immune system is expected to prevent disease development as foreign molecules are created from mutations. When that does not happen, maybe the immune system is the cause or part of the cause.
PD & Age
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3989046/. PD is a neurodegenerative disease second to Alzheimer’s disease. The immune system naturally degrades as we age. After 60 years of age, many processes in the body decline – hormone creation, bone density, cardiac output, cognitive function, and many more. Our immune system is no different.
The autoimmune response works well when we are healthy. However, is it possible for the immune system to mis-recognize a brain protein as an invader when the immune system is challenged? Maybe. We might get an immune response to a typical infection previously contained and eliminated by the immune response. A challenged immune system might not stop an invading cell from creating a home in our brain.
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) & Immune System
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-021-00757-x. The BBB protects the brain from foreign molecules. The BBB can be healthy or challenged, like every organ and system in our body. Some scientists think that a challenged immune system might allow invading cells to infiltrate the brain without protection and allow infection or disease to establish a foothold inside the brain.
When (or if) this happens, the brain accumulates non-functioning proteins and other impaired or abnormal cells. If the immune system is not responding correctly, the further development of neurodegenerative processes continues.
Autophagy & PD
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5739982/#:~:text=Autophagy%2C%20as%20major%20intracellular%20machinery,disease%20and%20amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis. Autophagy is the process by which our bodies clean out cells and recycle components that can be fixed and returned to normal function. Unfortunately, autophagy does not start until we stop eating for nearly a day.
At or around 16-20 hours, the autophagy process begins and reaches 100% around 70 hours of total fasting. Most of us never fast that long. I do a 72-hour fast monthly and have done so for years. Many times, the extended fast exceeds 100 hours and occasionally 200 hours.
I describe autophagy in my speeches as a garage truck entering our bloodstream and stopping at every cell. It picks up the garbage inside the cell and moves to the next cell. A recycle truck follows the garbage truck, identifies which components can be fixed and recycled, and performs that function. Non-repairable parts are eliminated. At the cellular level, the body cleans up the daily mess of cellular metabolism. People who never fast do not get the benefits of autophagy. Is this part of the process by which PD develops in our brain?
Motor Movement & PD
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536995/. PD progresses along the motor movement pathway rather than cognitive decline. The part of the brain that controls motor movement is the substantial nigra. When PD is diagnosed, this part of the brain has the most damage. It is thought that a weakened BBB and challenged immune system might allow the immune system to identify the substantial nigra as a foreign invader. It sounds plausible.
Neurodegenerative disease does not happen overnight. It doesn’t happen in a few years. It takes many years for individual cells (neurons) to be swept away, and little by little, the overall function of an organ begins down a slippery slope, never returning to full function. Neuro-inflammation coupled with neurodegeneration sets the table for every aspect of dementia, including PD.
Controlling Inflammation in the Brain
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-023-01486-5. The brain is complex. Researchers have difficulty shutting down or enhancing one aspect of inflammatory signaling pathways. When perfected, this might be a major step in treating those with dementia. Some animal models are showing positive results. Limited success is limited but promising.
Is the cause more on the neuro-inflammation side or the neurodegenerative side? Scientists cannot say with certainty. Can pro-inflammatory molecules be replaced with anti-inflammatory ones? Can it be done before significant damage is done to neurons? Too many questions remain unanswered.
Conclusion
There is strong evidence that chronic low-level cellular inflammation is the genesis of disease. However, we are predisposed to believe our immune system protects us. Yet, when the immune system is not working as advertised, it can lead to another assumption. One that I had never thought about. When the immune system is not working for us, is it working against us? There is some very plausible work done to substantiate that possibility.
Add into that potential pathway a degradation in the BBB’s ability to protect the brain, and it seems that inflammation can get a stronghold inside the brain and begin its dirty work of creating havoc and neurodegeneration. Fortunately, the BBB and our immune system can improve with better gut health, avoiding gluten and sugar, increasing omega-3 fatty acids, getting longer-quality sleep, managing stress, and exercising. This is a short list. There are many more things that can help improve both your BBB and immune system.
Antioxidants fight inflammation. One food does not work against all types of inflammation. Include several types of leafy green vegetables, colored fruits and vegetables, and healthy fats in your daily regimen.
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chronometer watches
Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Validation and its Rigorous Standards
COSC, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the official Switzerland testing agency that attests to the accuracy and accuracy of timepieces. COSC validation is a symbol of quality craftsmanship and trustworthiness in timekeeping. Not all watch brands follow COSC validation, such as Hublot, which instead follows to its proprietary strict criteria with movements like the UNICO, reaching equivalent precision.
The Art of Precision Chronometry
The core mechanism of a mechanical watch involves the spring, which delivers power as it loosens. This mechanism, however, can be vulnerable to environmental factors that may affect its accuracy. COSC-certified mechanisms undergo strict testing—over 15 days in various conditions (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and dependability. The tests assess:
Typical daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 seconds.
Mean variation, peak variation levels, and impacts of thermal changes.
Why COSC Accreditation Is Important
For watch aficionados and collectors, a COSC-validated timepiece isn’t just a item of tech but a testament to lasting quality and precision. It signifies a watch that:
Presents exceptional dependability and precision.
Provides assurance of superiority across the entire construction of the timepiece.
Is apt to maintain its value more efficiently, making it a wise choice.
Famous Chronometer Manufacturers
Several famous brands prioritize COSC accreditation for their timepieces, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Record and Spirit, which feature COSC-accredited movements equipped with innovative substances like silicone balance springs to enhance resilience and performance.
Historic Background and the Development of Timepieces
The concept of the chronometer dates back to the requirement for accurate chronometry for navigational at sea, emphasized by John Harrison’s work in the 18th century. Since the formal establishment of COSC in 1973, the validation has become a standard for judging the accuracy of high-end watches, continuing a legacy of superiority in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-certified watch is more than an aesthetic choice; it’s a dedication to excellence and accuracy. For those valuing accuracy above all, the COSC accreditation provides peacefulness of mind, guaranteeing that each accredited timepiece will function dependably under various circumstances. Whether for personal satisfaction or as an investment decision, COSC-certified watches distinguish themselves in the world of horology, maintaining on a tradition of precise chronometry.
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